I often have to work on projects that use passwords so poorly, or use encryption so haphazardly, that I just throw my hands up and just rewrite the whole damn thing. This is a replacement for just such a damn thing. And while, I don’t expect to be a drop-in replacement for most projects, I figure it gives the basics to what most people want. If you’re starting out with a new application, maybe this will help you.
There are some things done here that may be overkill (some would say “underkill”?) but I’ll leave it up to your discretion. If you find any errors/corrections/improvements, please let me know.
<?php
/**
* Encryption/Decryption, Encoding/Decoding and password related functions.
*
* The license below was inherited from the project this originally went into.
* If you need a different license for some reason, just email me.
*
* @author Eksith Rodrigo <reksith at gmail.com>
* @license http://opensource.org/licenses/ISC ISC License
*/
class Crypto {
/**
* Application specific random string to encode salts
* IMPORTANT:This should be changed in your own deployments (and never repeated)
* It will also be easier to move this to a defined variable
*/
private $saltKey = 'i^-ZsV[+vCHl)3D?-S7GiLSK~iv=qzQO%k`x%0?:Lps-[+88M//J+z- >+KKY``*';
/**#@+
* Instance getter, constructor
*/
private static $instance;
static function GetInstance() {
if ( !isset( $instance ) ) {
self::$instance = new Crypto();
}
return self::$instance;
}
private function __construct() {}
/**#@-*/
/**#@+
* Password related functions
*/
/**
* Hash password with blowfish + salt
*
* @param string $pass Raw password
* @param string $decodedSalt Stored salt after being decoded or freshly generated
*/
public function Password( $pass, $decodedSalt ) {
// This will reject NULL, 0, FALSE etc... but these are terrible passwords anyway
if ( empty( $pass ) || empty( $decodedSalt ) ) {
return false;
}
return crypt( $pass, '$2y$09$'. $decodedSalt . '$' );
}
/**
* Verify password hash against the stored value
*
* @param string $pass Raw password
* @param string $encodedSalt Password salt as stored in the database
* @param string $storedPass Hashed password to match against
*/
public function VerifyPassword( $pass, $encodedSalt, $storedPass ) {
if ( empty( $pass ) || empty( $encodedSalt ) || empty( $storedPass ) ) {
return false;
}
$salt = $this->Decode( $encodedSalt, $this->saltKey );
$pass = $this->Password( $pass, $salt );
if ( $storedPass === $pass ) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* Hashes the passed password and creates a matching salt (also encoded)
* This function does NOT create a new password.
*
* @param string $pass User provided password
* @param string $salt Generated salt (encoded using the password)
*/
public function PairPasswordSalt( &$pass, &$salt ) {
if ( empty( $pass ) ) {
return false;
}
$salt = bin2hex( $this->IV( 30 ) ); // Boyz II Men
$pass = $this->Password( $pass, $salt );
$salt = $this->Encode( $salt, $this->saltKey );
return true;
}
/**
* Random password generator
*
* @param int $len Password length
* @return string Random password with commonly confused characters removed
*/
public function RandomPassword( $len ) {
// Extra padding to accomodate removed chars
$r = $this->RandomStr( $len + 15 );
// Remove confusing chars
$r = str_replace( array( '1', 'i', 'l', '0', 'o', '5', 's' ), '', $r );
return substr( $r, 0, $len );
}
/**#@-*/
/**#@+
* Random number/string generators
*/
/**
* Generates a random string of a given length (or random between 5 and 10 if length is empty)
*
* @param int $len Random string length. If empty, will revert to a number between 10 - 20
* @return string Alphanumeric string
*/
public function RandomStr( $len ) {
if ( empty( $len ) ) {
$len = mt_rand( 10, 20 );
}
$r = base64_encode( $this->IV( 30 ) );
$r = str_replace( array( '+', '/', '-', '_', '=' ), '', $r );
if ( strlen( $r ) > $len ) {
return substr( $r, 0, $len );
}
return $r;
}
/**
* Generates a random number
*
* @param int $min Minimum number size. Defaults to 1
* @param int $max Maximum number size. Defaults to maximum allowed in 32 bit PHP
*/
public function RandomInt( $min = 1, $max = 0x7FFFFFFF ) {
$d = $max - $min;
if ( $d < 0 || $d > 0x7FFFFFFF ) {
$d = 1;
}
$r = $this->IV( 4 );
$p = unpack( "Nint", $r );
$f = ( float ) ( $p['int'] & 0x7FFFFFFF ) / 2147483647.0;
return round( $f * $d ) + $min;
}
/**#@-*/
/**
* Encrypt and serialize data with a given key
*
* @param mixed $data Data to encrypt (assumes strings are UTF-8)
* @param string $key Encryption key
* @return string Serialized and encrypted
*/
public function CryptSerialize( $data, $key ) {
if ( empty( $data ) ) {
return '';
} else {
$data = json_encode( $data );
return $this->Crypt( $data, $key, 'encrypt' );
}
}
/**
* Deserialize and decrypt data
* This is safer than PHP's 'deserialize' especially with cookie data
*
* @param string $data Data to decrypt (this should be completely unaltered)
* @param string $key Decryption key
* @return mixed Orignally serialized object
*/
public function CryptDeserialize( $data, $key ) {
if ( empty( $data ) ) {
return '';
} else {
$data = $this->Crypt( $data, $key, 'decrypt' );
if ( empty( $data ) ) {
return '';
} else {
try {
return json_decode( $data );
} catch ( Exception $e ) {
return '';
}
}
}
}
/**
* Encode ( so called because this is only ECB ) in Rijndael 256 with Base64 encoding
*
* @param string $data The content to be encoded
* @param string $salt Required nonce
* @return string Encoded and optionally base64 encoded string
*/
public function Encode( $data, $salt ) {
$enc = mcrypt_encrypt( MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256, $salt, $data, MCRYPT_MODE_ECB, '' );
return base64_encode( $enc );
}
/**
* Decode as encoded above
*
* @param string $data The content to be decoded
* @param string $salt Required matching nonce to the encrypted data
* @return string Decoded content
*/
public function Decode( $data, $salt ) {
$data = base64_decode( $data );
$dec = mcrypt_decrypt( MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256, $salt, $data, MCRYPT_MODE_ECB, '' );
// Padding is automatic, but unpad is not
return $this->_unpad( $dec, 32 );
}
/**
* Generates a random IV for encryption and password/string generation
*
* @returns mixed Binary IV
*/
public function IV( $size ) {
return mcrypt_create_iv( $size, MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM );
}
/**
* Decode as encoded above in Rijndael 256 with optional Base64 decoding
*
* @param string $data The content to be decoded.
* @return string Decrypted content
*/
public function Crypt( $str, $key, $mode = 'encrypt', $time = null ) {
// Open Rijndael-256 in CBC mode
$td = mcrypt_module_open('rijndael-256', '', 'cbc', '');
// Find the IV size for the mcrypt module
$size = mcrypt_enc_get_iv_size( $td );
// Block sizes are needed to calculate the padding ( further down )
$bsize = mcrypt_enc_get_block_size( $td );
// Key size
$ksize = mcrypt_enc_get_key_size( $td );
// Hashed key ( for consistency )
$hkey = hash( 'ripemd160', $key );
// Hash the key for consistency and use only the key size needed from the front
$key = substr( $hkey, 0, $ksize );
// Salt for encoding/decoding is extracted from the back of the key hashed again
$salt = substr( hash( 'ripemd160', $hkey ), ( -1 * $ksize ) );
if ( $mode == 'encrypt' ) {
/// We're encrypting. Create a new initialization vector
$iv = $this->IV( $size );
} else {
// Unwrap the combined IV and data packet and extract the IV from the front (using IV size)
$str = $this->Decode( $str, $salt );
$iv = mb_substr( $str, 0, $size );
// Isolate the data by removing the IV altogether and decode in preparation for decryption
$str = mb_substr( $str, mb_strlen( $iv ) );
$str = base64_decode( $str );
}
// Initialize mcrypt
mcrypt_generic_init( $td, $key, $iv );
if ( $mode == 'encrypt' ) {
// Prepare string by padding to match block size and encrypt
$str = $this->_pad( $str, $bsize );
$enc = mcrypt_generic( $td, $str );
// Add the IV to the front and Encode
$out = $this->Encode( $iv . base64_encode( $enc ), $salt );
} else {
// Decrypt the data ( we removed the IV and decoded above ) and remove padding
$str = mdecrypt_generic( $td, $str );
$out = $this->_unpad( $str, $bsize );
}
// Clean up
mcrypt_generic_deinit( $td );
mcrypt_module_close( $td );
// Return encrypted/decrypted string
return $out;
}
/**#@+
* Helpers
*/
/**
* Pad data to encryption block size.
* Michael Corleone says hello.
*/
private function _pad( $str, $bsize ) {
// Find the pad size for this block size and string length
$pad = $bsize - ( mb_strlen( $str ) % $bsize );
// Repeat the equivalent character up to the pad size
$str .= str_repeat( chr( $pad ), $pad );
return $str;
}
/**
* Remove extra padding added during encryption.
* This is a bit of a hack, so if you have improvements, please add them [ and let me know :) ].
* Thanks!
*/
private function _unpad( $str, $bsize ) {
$len = mb_strlen( $str );
// Find the pad character ( last one )
$pad = ord( $str[$len - 1] );
// If padding would have been applied to the string...
if ($pad && $pad < $bsize) {
// ...find the pad
$pm = preg_match( '/' . chr( $pad ) . '{' . $pad . '}$/', $str );
// Pad found, strip it.
if( $pm ) {
return mb_substr($str, 0, $len - $pad);
}
}
return $str;
}
/**#@-*/
}
The CryptDeserialize and CryptSerialize functions were originally meant for storing encrypted cookies/sessions. You can use them for something similar, however the string values must be UTF-8 for it to work correctly (due to json_decode/encode).
7:30AM… Time for bed!
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